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'''Drhtulja šarulja''' (lat. ''Torpedo marmorata'') je riba iz roda drhtulja. Kod nas se još naziva i mramorna drhtulja, trn, trnjevača, tresnavka, banjača, pjegava drhtulja, renjok. Ima plosnato tijelo, okruglog oblika, debeli rep i veliku repnu peraju. Ima glatku kožu odozgo smeđe boje s tamnijim smeđim šarama, dok joj je trbuh bijel<ref name=habitas.org.uk>{{en icon}} [http://www.habitas.org.uk/marinelife/species.asp?item=ZF1220] (habitas.org.uk)</ref>. NarasteŽivi na muljevitom i pjeskovitom dnu, na dubinama 10-40 m, iako zna zaći i na veće dubine , do 100370 m. Danju je većinom ukopana, a samo joj oči vire iz pijeska ili mulja,a anoću je aktivna. Hrani se manjim ribama i račićima, hvatajući ih tako da ih paralizira elektricitetom koji ispušta. Električna pražnjenja mogu imati [[cmnapon]] duljine i do 3 200[[kg V]]<ref name=fishbase.org>{{en icon}} [http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5132] težine(fishbase.org)</ref>.
<ref name=fishbase.org>{{en icon}} [http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5132] (fishbase.org)</ref>
Habitat: The marbled electric ray is usually found on sandy or muddy seabeds at depths between 10-30m although in the Mediterranean it has been recorded at depths down to 100m. It feeds in a similar way to (Torpedo nobiliana), by catching bottom-living fish and stunning or killing them with an electric shock before eating them.
Distribution: This is a southern species in the British Isles, and so far it has only been recorded from the southern coasts of Britain and Ireland. Most of the records have been in the summer or autumn suggesting that there is a northward migration from the Mediterranean earlier in the summer.
Key Identification Features:
Ray with circular, disc-like body
Short tail with large, broad tail fin
Upper surface marbled pale brown and dark brown
Seven papillae-like processes around inner edge of spiracles
Dužina do 70 cm
Težina do 10,00 kg
Dubina prebivanja 10 - 40 metara
Vrijeme mrijesta Od listopada do mjeseca siječnja
S čime se lovi Uglavnom se lovi mrežom
Najbolje doba za lov Uvijek - danju i noću
Najbolje vremenske prilike po svakom vremenu
Najbolji teren za lov Muljevito dno, pjeskovito
Napomena Dozvoljava se lov bez ograničenja
Max. size: 100.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; Ref. 27000); max. published weight: 3,000 g (Ref. 35388)
Environment: reef-associated; brackish; marine; depth range 2 – 370 m
Climate: subtropical; 20°C; 60°N - 35°S, 18°W - 36°E
Importance: fisheries: of no interest; aquarium: public aquariums
Resilience: Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (5-32 offspring)
Vulnerability: High to very high vulnerability (72.24). (Ref. 59153)
Distribution:
Gazetteer Eastern Atlantic: northern UK (less common in southern North Sea and Kattegat) to Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. Also in the Mediterranean Sea.
Morphology: Dorsal spines (total): 0 - 0; Anal spines: 0; Vertebrae: 104 – 108. Disc-width around the same as its length, length and width 1,50 to 1,70 times in total length; dorsal fins more or less rounded, its base 1,50 times in its height (Ref. 39215).
Biology: Occurs in seagrass areas, rocky reefs, and adjacent soft bottoms (Ref. 12951). Avoids temperatures above 20°C (Ref. 10011). Nocturnal, usually burying itself during the day with only the eyes and spiracle jutting out (Ref. 12382). Feeds on small benthic fishes Trachurus, Mugil, Mullus, Dicentrarchus, Spondyliosoma, Boops, Labrus, Dascyllus, Pomacentrus) and crustaceans (Ref. 10011). Females outlive males; viviparous, neonates measuring 10-14 cm at birth (Ref. 10426). 5-32 in a litter (Ref. 12951). Electrocytes start developing when the embryo weighs about 1 g; electric organs functional before birth and newborns can use their electric organ discharge (EOD) in capturing prey (Ref. 10428). Can produce electric discharges of up to 200 volts; EOD frequency up to 600 Hz. Jumps on fast-moving prey, paralyzing it with its EOD. May attain 100 cm in length (Ref. 27000
Rasprostranjena je u [[Mediteran]]u i [[Atlantik]]u oko južnih obala [[Velika Britanija|Velike Britanije]] i [[Irska|Irske]], a ponekad i u [[Sjeverno more|Sjevernom moru]], oko obala [[Danska|Danske]]. Također je prisutna i oko [[Rt dobre nade|Rta dobre nade]]. Kako ova vrsta izbjegava temperature iznad 20°C, i prisutna je oko Velike Britanije i Irske samo ljeti, smatra se da tamo stiže iz Mediterana gdje zimi obitava i gdje se mrijesti u zimskim mjesecima ( od studenog do siječnja). Ženka leže 5-32 mlada, duljine 10-14 cm, koji se legu živi i sposobni za samostalan život, njihovi električni organi su funkcionalni i prije rođenja. Drhtulja šarulja može narasti do 100 cm i do 10 kg težine<ref name=nemo-hr>{{hr icon}} [http://www.nemo-hr.com/default.asp?page,124,1] (nemo-hr)</ref>.
==Reference==
{{reflist}}
== Vanjske poveznice ==
:dalibor-andres.from.hr-[http://dalibor-andres.from.hr/uw/r_019-0.htm]
:fotosearch.com-[http://www.fotosearch.com/AGE018/c54-289302/]
{{WProjekti
|commons= Torpedo marmorata
|wikivrste= Serranus hepatus ▼|commonshr= Drhtulja šarulja
|commonscat=
|commonscathr=
▲|wikivrste= SerranusTorpedo hepatusmarmorata
▲|wikivrstehr= VučićDrhtulja šarulja
}}
[[Kategorija:Jadranske ribe]]
[[Kategorija:Zrakoperke]]
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