Kolostrum: razlika između inačica

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[[Datoteka:Colostrum vs breastmilk.jpg|thumb|Na lijevoj slici nalazi se kolostrum izlučen četiri dana nakon porođaja, a na desnoj slici se nalazi mlijeko izlučeno osam dana nakon porođaja]]
'''Kolostrum''' (poznat i kao '''prvo mlijeko''') je oblik [[mlijeko|mlijeka]] kojeg stvaraju [[mliječne žlijezde]] sisavaca u kasnoj [[trudnoća|trudnoći]]. Kod ženki većine vrsta kolostrum se stvara neposredno prije porođaja. Sadrži veću količinu bjelančevina nego obično mlijeko<ref>{{cite journal |author=L. Saint, Margret Smith, P. E. Hartmann|title=The yield and nutrient content of colostrum and milk of women from giving birth to 1 month post-partum |journal=British Journal of Nutrition |volume=52 |page=91| year=1984| url=http://journals.cambridge.org/production/action/cjoGetFulltext?fulltextid=852540}}</ref>. Također, sadrži [[antitijelaprotutijela]] koja štite novorođenče od bolesti.
 
== Ljudski kolostrum ==
Redak 9:
 
== Kolostrum kod životinja ==
Kolostrum je od presudne važnosti za novorođene životinje zato što one ne primaju nikakva antitijela preko [[posteljica|posteljice]]. Kolostrum Thisvarira oralu transferkoličini of immunity can occur because the newborn's stomach isi porouskvaliteti. U Thismliječnoj meansindustriji thatkvaliteta largekolostruma proteinsmjeri (suchse askoličinom antibodies)[[imunoglobulin canG|imunoglobulina passG]] throughpo thelitru. stomachIt wall.is recommended Thethat newborn animal mustcalves receive colostrumat withinleast 64 hoursquarts of being born for maximal transfer(liters) of antibodies to occur. Recent studies indicate that colostrum shouldwith beeach fedcontaining toat bovinesleast within the first thirty minutes to maximize50 IgG absorption rates/liter. TheTesting stomachof wallcolostral remainsquality somewhatcan open upbe todone 24by hoursmultitude of age,devices butincluding transfer is more limited.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Pakkanen Rcolostrometer, Aaltooptical J.refractometer |title=Growthor Factorsdigital and Antimicrobial Factors of Bovine Colostrum |journal=International Dairy Journal |year=1997 |volume=7 |pages=285–297 |doi=10refractometer.1016/S0958-6946(97)00022-8 |issue=5}}</ref>
Colostrum varies in quality and quantity. In the dairy industry, the quality of colostrum is measured as the amount of IgG ([[Immunoglobulin G]]) per liter. It is recommended that newborn calves receive at least 4 quarts (liters) of colostrum with each containing at least 50 IgG/liter. Testing of colostral quality can be done by multitude of devices including colostrometer, optical refractometer or digital refractometer.
 
Livestock breeders commonly bank colostrum from their animals. Colostrum can be stored frozen but it does lose some of its inherent quality. Colostrum produced on a breeder's own premises is considered to be superior to colostrum from other sources, because it is produced by animals already exposed to (and, thus, making antibodies to) pathogens occurring on the premises. A German study reported that [[multiparous]] [[mares]] produced on average a liter (quart) of colostrum containing 70&nbsp;grams of IgG.<ref name="pmid18277781">{{cite journal