Financijska kriza 2020.: razlika između inačica
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=== Pandemija COVID-19 ===
[[Pandemija koronavirusa 2019./20.]] imala je dalekosežne posljedice od širenja bolesti i nastojanja da se karantenira. Kako se pandemija proširila širom svijeta, zabrinutosti su se preusmjerile s problema proizvodnje na opskrbu na smanjeno poslovanje u sektoru usluga. Pandemija se jednoglasno smatra glavnim čimbenikom u izazivanju recesije. Pandemija je negativno utjecala na gotovo svaku veliku industriju, bila je jedan od glavnih uzroka pada burze i rezultirala je velikim suzbijanjem društvenih sloboda i kretanja.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Horowitz |first=Julia |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/09/economy/global-recession-coronavirus/index.html |title=A 'short, sharp' global recession is starting to look inevitable |publisher=CNN |access-date=26 March 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320173108/https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/09/economy/global-recession-coronavirus/index.html |archive-date=20 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/03/viral-recession/607657/ |title=The Coronavirus Recession Will Be Unusually Difficult to Fight |last=Lowrey |first=Annie |date=9 March 2020 |website=The Atlantic |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324115803/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/03/viral-recession/607657/ |archive-date=24 March 2020 |access-date=24 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/mar/09/cure-recession-coronavirus-economic-collapse-globalisation |title=There will be no easy cure for a recession triggered by the coronavirus |last=Jenkins |first=Simon |date=9 March 2020 |work=The Guardian |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324115802/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/mar/09/cure-recession-coronavirus-economic-collapse-globalisation |archive-date=24 March 2020 |access-date=24 March 2020}}</ref><ref>[https://www.euromoney.com/article/b1ktp0wqc12jyb/ecr-risk-experts-contemplate-another-financial-crisis "ECR Risk Experts Contemplate another Financial Crisis", Euromoney, March 20 2020] '' Jeremy Weltman''</ref>
== Pad globalne burze 2020. ==
[[File:Bulle und Bär Frankfurt.jpg|thumb|300 px|11. ožujka 2020. [[Dow Jones Industrial Average]] završio je jedanaestogodišnji rad tržišta bikova i ušao na tržište medvjeda. Simbolične statue sa Frankfurtske burze.]]
Pad globalne burze započeo je 20. veljače 2020. Zbog koronavirusne pandemije, globalna tržišta, banke i tvrtke suočene su s krizama koje nisu viđene od [[Velika depresija|velike depresije 1929.]]
Od 24. do [[28. veljače]], burze širom svijeta izvijestile su o svojim najvećim jednotjednim padima od financijske krize 2008., i tako ušli u ispravak. Globalna tržišta početkom ožujka postala su izuzetno nestabilna, s velikim promjenama na globalnim tržištima. 9. ožujka većina globalnih tržišta prijavila je snažne kontrakcije, uglavnom kao odgovor na [[Pandemija COVID-19|pandemiju koronavirusa 2019.-20.]] I [[Rusko-saudijski rat cijenama nafte 2020.|rat s cijenama nafte između Rusije i zemalja OPEC-a predvođenih Saudijskom Arabijom]].
=== Crni ponedjeljak I (9. ožujka) ===
Prije otvaranja, tržište budućih tržišta [[Dow Jones Industrial Average]] doživjelo je pad od 1.300 bodova na temelju [[Koronavirus|koronavirusa]] i pad cijena nafte gore opisano, što je pokrenulo ograničenje trgovanja ili prekidač sklopa, zbog čega je tržište budućnosti zaustavilo trgovanje na 15 minuta . Ovim predviđanim padom od 1300 bodova utvrdio bi se [[9. ožujka]] kao jedan od najviše bodova za koji je industrijski prosjek Dow Jonesa pao u jednom danu.<ref>{{Cite news |author=Yun Li |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/business/business-news/dow-futures-tumble-1-000-points-all-out-oil-price-n1152716 |title=Dow futures tumble as Saudi-Russia oil price war adds to coronavirus stress |date=8 March 2019 |publisher=NBC News |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200309093051/https://www.nbcnews.com/business/business-news/dow-futures-tumble-1-000-points-all-out-oil-price-n1152716 |archive-date=9 March 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=Lucy Bayly |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/business/markets/dow-set-open-decline-1-300-points-oil-war-adds-n1152941 |title=Dow closes with decline of 2,000 points, almost ending 11-year bull market |date=9 March 2020 |publisher=NBC News |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200309170712/https://www.nbcnews.com/business/markets/dow-set-open-decline-1-300-points-oil-war-adds-n1152941 |archive-date=9 March 2020 }}</ref> Kada se tržište otvorilo 9. ožujka, Dow Jones Industrial Average pao je 1800 bodova prilikom otvaranja, 500 bodova niže od predviđanja.<ref>{{Cite news |author=Stephanie Ruhle |url=https://www.msnbc.com/stephanie-ruhle/watch/stocks-plunge-at-market-open-trading-halts-after-dow-drops-1800-points-80319557862 |title=Stocks plunge at market open, trading halts after Dow drops 1800 points |date=9 March 2019 |publisher=MSNBC }}</ref>
=== Crni četvrtak (12. ožujka) ===
Crni četvrtak<ref>For an explanation regarding the title "Black Thursday", see:
*{{cite web |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/black-thursday-dow-suffers-biggest-201047970.html |title=Black Thursday: Dow Suffers Biggest Point Drop Ever, as Disney and Apple Fall Hard |date=12 March 2020 |website=[[Yahoo]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312212329/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/black-thursday-dow-suffers-biggest-201047970.html |archive-date=12 March 2020 |access-date=12 March 2020|ref=none}}
*{{cite web|url=https://business.inquirer.net/292328/psei-sees-worst-freefall-in-12-years|title=Black Thursday: PSEi sees worst freefall in 12 years|last=Dumlao-Abadilla|first=Doris|date=12 March 2020|website=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323093437/https://business.inquirer.net/292328/psei-sees-worst-freefall-in-12-years|archive-date=23 March 2020|accessdate=12 March 2020|ref=none}}
*{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/business/2020/mar/12/pandemic-pandemonium-world-markets-crash-into-bear-country-on-black-thursday-2115906.html|title=Pandemic pandemonium: World markets crash into bear country on Black Thursday|last=Ananda|first=Jonathan|date=12 March 2020|website=[[The New Indian Express]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317062432/https://www.newindianexpress.com/business/2020/mar/12/pandemic-pandemonium-world-markets-crash-into-bear-country-on-black-thursday-2115906.html|archive-date=17 March 2020|accessdate=12 March 2020|ref=none}}
*{{cite web|url=https://www.icis.com/explore/resources/news/2020/03/12/10481846/europe-crude-petchems-prices-extend-losses-as-stocks-suffer-black-thursday|title=Europe crude, petchems prices extend losses as stocks suffer 'Black Thursday'|last=Lopez|first=Jonathan|date=12 March 2020|website=Independent Commodity Intelligence Services|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322160627/https://www.icis.com/explore/resources/news/2020/03/12/10481846/europe-crude-petchems-prices-extend-losses-as-stocks-suffer-black-thursday|archive-date=22 March 2020|accessdate=12 March 2020|ref=none}}
*{{cite web|url=https://www.amny.com/business/black-thursday-wall-street-stocks-plunge-10-in-worst-one-day-loss-in-32-years/|title=Black Thursday: Wall Street stocks plunge 10% in worst one-day loss in 32 years|last=Culp|first=Stephen|date=12 March 2020|website=AM New York Metro|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314164147/https://www.amny.com/business/black-thursday-wall-street-stocks-plunge-10-in-worst-one-day-loss-in-32-years/|archive-date=14 March 2020|access-date=13 March 2020|ref=none}}</ref> bio je globalni pad burze 12. ožujka 2020., kao dio većeg kolapsa na burzi 2020. godine. Američke burze pretrpjele su [[Pad burze 2020.|najveći jednodnevni pad]] od [[Pad burze 1987.|pada burze 1987. godine]]. Nakon Crnog ponedjeljka tri dana ranije, Crni četvrtak je pripisan [[Pandemija COVID-19|pandemiji koronavirusa 2019.-20.]] I nedostatku povjerenja ulagača u američkog predsjednika [[Donald Trump|Donalda Trumpa]] nakon što je proglasio 30-dnevnu zabranu putovanja protiv Schengenskog prostora. Uz to, Europska središnja banka, pod vodstvom Christine Lagarde, odlučila je smanjiti kamatne stope unatoč tržišnim očekivanjima, što je dovelo do pada na S&P 500 budućnosti na više od 200 bodova u manje od sat vremena.
Američki indeks [[Dow Jones Industrial Average]] i S&P 500 indeks pretrpjeli su najveći pad od jednog dana od pada burze 1987., kao i britanski FTSE 100, koji je pao 10,87%. Kanadski S&P / TSX indeks kompozita pao je 12%, što je najveći jednodnevni pad od 1940. godine. Talijanski indeks FTSE MIB završio je s gubitkom od -16,92%, najgorim u njegovoj povijesti. Njemački DAX je pao 12,24%, a francuski CAC 12,28%. U Brazilu je Ibovespa pala za 14,78%, nakon što je trgovanje B3-om zaustavljeno dvaput unutar unutar dana; također se pomaknuo ispod oznake 70 000 prije nego što se zatvorio iznad nje. NIFTY 50 na indijskoj Nacionalnoj burzi pao je za 7,89% na više od 20% ispod njegovog najnovijeg vrhunca, dok je BSE SENSEX na Bombayskoj berzi pao 2,919 (ili 8,18%), na 32,778. Indeks referentnih berzi na burzi u Johannesburgu pao je za 9,3%.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Changole |first=Adelaide |url=https://www.moneyweb.co.za/news/markets/jse-stocks-plunge-the-most-since-1997-in-panic-sell-off/ |title=JSE stocks plunge the most since 1997 in 'panic' sell-off |date=12 March 2020 |access-date=15 March 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323170945/https://www.moneyweb.co.za/news/markets/jse-stocks-plunge-the-most-since-1997-in-panic-sell-off/ |archive-date=23 March 2020 |website=Moneyweb|publisher=African Media Entertainment }}</ref> MERVAL na burzi Buenos Airesa pao je za 9,5% na 19,5% u tjednu. 12. ožujka drugi je put, nakon pada 9. ožujka, da se 7% -tni sigurnosni prekidač aktivirao otkad je uveden 2013. godine.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.batimes.com.ar/news/economy/us-dow-argentinas-merval-suffer-another-rout-fueled-by-pandemic.phtml |title=Merval suffers another rout fuelled by Covid-19 pandemic |date=12 March 2020 |work=[[Perfil|Buenos Aires Times]] |access-date=15 March 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323170123/https://www.batimes.com.ar/news/economy/us-dow-argentinas-merval-suffer-another-rout-fueled-by-pandemic.phtml |archive-date=23 March 2020}}</ref>
=== Crni ponedjeljak II (16. ožujka) ===
Tijekom proteklog vikenda, Monetarna uprava [[Saudijska Arabija|Saudijske Arabije]] najavila je paket malih i srednjih poduzeća u iznosu od 13 milijardi dolara, dok je južnoafrički predsjednik [[Matamela Cyril Ramaphosa|Cyril Ramaphosa]] najavio fiskalni poticajni paket. Federalne rezerve su najavile da će smanjiti cilj za federalne fondove na 0% –0,25%, sniziti potrebe za rezervom na nulu i započeti program kvantitativnog olakšavanja za 700 milijardi USD.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Liesman |first=Steve |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/15/federal-reserve-cuts-rates-to-zero-and-launches-massive-700-billion-quantitative-easing-program.html |title=Federal Reserve cuts rates to zero and launches massive $700 billion quantitative easing program |date=15 March 2020 |access-date=15 March 2020 |publisher=[[CNBC]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-central-banks/fed-cuts-interest-rates-to-near-zero-coordinates-with-other-central-banks-to-combat-coronavirus-idUSKBN21219K |title=Fed cuts interest rates to near zero, coordinates with other central banks to combat coronavirus |date=15 March 2020 |agency=[[Reuters]] |access-date=15 March 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/files/monetary20200315a1.pdf |title=Federal Reserve issues FOMC statement |date=15 March 2020 |publisher=Federal Reserve Board |access-date=17 March 2020}}</ref>
==Izvori==
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