Jordansko-saudijska granica: razlika između inačica

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U razdoblju nakon toga Ibn Saud je uspio znatno proširiti svoje kraljevstvo, proglasivši na kraju Kraljevinu Saudijsku Arabiju 1932. godine.
 
Kao rezultat tajnog anglo-francuskog [[Sporazum Sykes-Picot|sporazuma Sykes-Picot]] iz 1916. godine Britanija je stekla kontrolu nad osmanskim vilajetima [[Mosulski vilajet|Mosula]], [[Bagdadski vilajet|Bagdada]] i [[Vilajet Basra|Basre]], koje je organizirala u [[mandatIrački Irakamandat]] 1920. godine, a također i nad južnom polovicom [[Vilajet Sirija|vilajeta Sirije]] (otprilike, današnji zapadni Jordan). Na ovo potonje područje posezali su Velika Britanija, novoformirano [[Arapsko kraljevstvo Sirija|Arapsko kraljevstvo Sirije]], cionisti u [[Mandat Palestine|mandatu Palestine]] i [[Saudijska Arabija|Saudijske Arabije]], novo kraljevstvo Ibn Sauda, što je rezultiralo turbulentnim razdobljem u kojem je regija u osnovi bila [[Interregnum (Transjordan)|neupravljeni prostor]].<ref name="modernjordan">{{cite book|last=Salibi|first=Kamal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7zdi2sCuIh8C&pg=PA104|title=The Modern History of Jordan|date=1998|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=978-1-86064-331-6|pages=10, 30, 31, 49, 104|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312184627/https://books.google.com/books?id=7zdi2sCuIh8C&pg=PA104|archive-date=12 March 2016|url-status=live|accessdate=20 March 2016}}</ref> Na kraju je 1921. Britanija proglasila mandat nad regijom, stvarajući [[Transjordanski emirat]], pod poluautonomnom vlašću [[Abdulah Ibn Husein|kralja Abdullaha I.]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Browne|first=O'Brien|date=10 August 2010|title=Creating Chaos: Lawrence of Arabia and the 1916 Arab Revolt|url=http://www.historynet.com/creating-chaos-lawrence-of-arabia-and-the-1916-arab-revolt.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151013070030/http://www.historynet.com/creating-chaos-lawrence-of-arabia-and-the-1916-arab-revolt.htm|archive-date=13 October 2015|accessdate=15 October 2015|publisher=HistoryNet, LLC.}}</ref><ref>''League of Nations Official Journal'', Nov. 1922, pp. 1188–1189, 1390–1391.</ref>
 
Južna granica između Transjordana i Arabije smatrala se strateškom za Transjordaniju kako bi se izbjeglo izlazak na [[Neobalne države|more]], s namjeravanim pristupom moru preko luke [[Luka Aqaba|luke Aqaba]]. Južnom regijom [[Gubernija Ma'an|Ma'an]] - [[Gubernija Akaba|Aqaba]], velikim područjem sa samo 10.000 stanovnika,{{sfn|Wilson|1990|p=229 (footnote 70)}} je [[Okupacija Ma'ana|upravljala OETA East (kasnije Arapsko Kraljevstvo Sirije, a zatim MandatoryTransjordanski Transjordanmandat) i polagala je pravo Kraljevina Hidžaz]].{{sfn|Leatherdale|1983|pp=41–42}}{{sfn|Baker|1979|p=220}} U OETA-i Istok, Faisal je imenovao ''[[Kaymakam|kaymakama]]'' (podguvernera) u Ma'anu; ''kajmakamkajmakama'' u Aqabi, koji je "nekažnjeno zanemario i Huseina u Meki i Feisala u Damasku",{{Sfn|Leatherdale|1983}} je Husein je uputio da proširi svoju vlast na Ma'an.{{Sfn|Leatherdale|1983}} Ovaj tehnički spor nije eskalirao u otvoreni sukob, a Kraljevstvo Hejaz je trebalo preuzeti ''de facto'' kontrolu nakon što su Francuzi pobijedili Faisala. {{Efn|Baker explained, "The British had moved in to take advantage of the situation created by Husain's presence in Aqaba and pressed for the annexation of the Hejaz Vilayet of Ma'an to the mandated territory of Transjordan. This disputed area, containing Maan, Aqaba and Petra, had originally been part of the Damascus Vilayet during Ottoman times, though boundaries had never been very precise. It was seized first by the Army as it pushed north from Aqaba after 1917 and had then been included in [[Occupied Enemy Territory Administration|O.E.T.A. East]] and, later, in Faisal's kingdom of Syria. Husain, however, had never accepted this and had stationed a Vali alongside Faisal's administrator, but the two men had worked in harmony so that the dispute never came to an open struggle. After Faisal's exile, the French mandate boundary had excluded this area and the British then considered it to be part of the Syrian rump which became Transjordan, though nothing was done to realise that claim, so Hejaz administration held de facto control. Britain had, however, made its position clear in August 1924 when it cabled Bullard: 'Please inform King Hussein officially that [[H.M.G.]] cannot acquiesce in his claim to concern himself directly with the administration of any portion of the territory of Transjordan for which H.M.G. are responsible under the mandate for Palestine"}}.{{sfn|Baker|1979|p=220}}}} [[Saudijsko osvajanje Hejaza|Nakon saudijskog osvajanja Hidžaza]] 1924–25., Huseinova vojska je pobjegla u regiju Ma'an (koja je tada službeno proglašena pripojenom Abdullahovom Transjordanu). Godine 1925. Britanija i Ibn Saud potpisali su Haddski ugovor, kojim je stvorena granica između Jordana i saudijskog teritorija koja se sastoji od šest ravnih linija.<ref name="IBS60"/> Ono što je najvažnije, ova je granica dala Transjordaniji kratkiuski izlaz na [[Akapski zaljev]]. Granica je kasnije potvrđena Jeddahinskim [[ugovor iz Džede (1927.)|ugovorom iz Džede]] 1927. godine.<ref name="IBS60"/><ref>[http://www.ibnsaud.info/main/3338.htm ibnsaud] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160703064040/http://www.ibnsaud.info/main/3338.htm |date=2016-07-03 }}</ref>{{sfn|Wilson|1990|p=100}}
 
== Naselja u blizini granice ==
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=== Jordan ===
* [[El Mudawwara]]
 
* El Mudawwara
 
=== Saudijska Arabija ===
* [[Halat Ammar]]
 
* [[Al Fijad]]
* Halat Ammar
* [[Al FijadIsawiyah]]
* Al Isawiyah
* [[Qurayyat, Saudijska Arabija|Kurejat]]
* [[Qullayib Khudr]]
* [[Nabk]]
* [[Al-Haditha, Saudijska Arabija|Al-Haditha]]
* [[Turaif, Saudijska Arabija|Turaif]]
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== Granični prijelazi ==
Trenutno postoje tri službena granična prijelaza: <ref name="Bradt">(2012) Carole French, ''Bradt Guide Book to Jordan'', pg. 54</ref>
 
* Umari
* Mudawwara
* [[Granični prijelaz Durra|Durra]]
 
== Bibliografija ==
* {{cite book|last=Paris|first=Timothy J.|title=Britain, the Hashemites and Arab Rule: The Sherifian Solution|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W02RAgAAQBAJ|year=2003|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-77191-1}}
 
*
 
== Bilješke ==
{{Notelist}}
 
== Vanjske poveznice ==
 
*
 
== Izvori ==
{{Izvori}}
 
== Vanjske poveznice ==
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=tI9L9gepYAUC&pg=PA213&lpg=PA213&dq=%22winston's+hiccup%22&source=web&ots=lnSc2vfOZ-&sig=-eBShUqRxDbQW1DzwgQn4_vVFLg Winston's Hiccup in ''A Jordan travel guide'' by Matthew Teller]
*[http://nabataea.net/nroute.html Wadi Sirhan: A New Proposed Trade Route]
 
{{Granice Jordana}}