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==Život i djelo==
Mandeljštam je rođen u Varšavi, u bogatoj židovskoj obitelji. Otac mu je bio kožar koji se ubrzo nakon Osipova rođenja s obitelju preselio u [[Petrograd]]. Godine [[1900.]] Mandeljštam polazi prestižnu školu [[Teniševski]]. Prve su mu pjesmetiskane u školskom listu [[1907]].
Mandelstam was born in [[Warsaw]], to a wealthy Jewish family. His father, a tanner by trade, was able to receive a dispensation freeing the family from the [[pale of settlement]], and soon after Osip's birth they moved to [[Saint Petersburg]]. In [[1900]] Mandelstam entered the prestigious [[Tenishevsky school]], which also counts [[Vladimir Nabokov]] and other significant figures of Russian (and Soviet) culture among its alumni. His first poems were printed in the school's almanac in [[1907]].
U travnju [[1908.]] kreće na Sorbonu na studij književnosti i filozofije, ali već iduće godine prelazi na Sveučilište u [[Heidelberg]]u.
In April [[1908]] Mandelstam decided to enter the [[University of Paris|Sorbonne]] to study literature and philosophy, but he left the following year to attend the [[University of Heidelberg]]. In [[1911]], in order to continue education in the [[University of St. Petersburg]], he converted to [[Methodism]] (which he did not practice) and entered the university the same year [http://www.aalto.vbg.ru/Unit3/contacts5.shtm][http://www.jewishgen.org/LITVAK/HTML/OnlineJournals/Mandelshtam.htm].
Godine [[1922.]] stiže u Moskvu sa suprugom [[Nadežda Mandeljštam|Nadeždom]].
Mandelstam's poetry, acutely [[Populism|populist]] in spirit after the [[Russian Revolution of 1905|first Russian revolution]], became closely associated with [[Symbolism (arts)|symbolist]] imagery, and in 1911 he and several other young Russian poets formed "Poets' Guild" (Russian: Цех Поэтов, ''Tsekh Poetov''), under the formal leadership of [[Nikolai Gumilyov]] and [[Sergei Gorodetsky]]. The nucleus of this group would then become known as [[Acmeist poetry|Acmeists]]. Mandelstam had authored the manifesto for the new movement - ''The Morning Of Acmeism'' ([[1913]], published in [[1919]]). 1913 also saw the publication of the first collection of poems, ''The Stone'' (Russian: Камень, ''Kamyen''), to be reissued in 1916 in a greatly expanded format, but under the same title.
[[Image:Osmerkin Mandelstam.jpg|thumb|left|150px|''Osip Mandelstam''. Sketch by [[Alexander Osmerkin]] ]]
Svoje nonkonformističke stavove izrazio je [[1933.]] u poznatom djelu "[[Staljinovi Epigrami]]". Šest mjeseci nakon objavljivanja je uhapšen. Protjeran je u područje Urala, ali se kasnije nastanio u Voronježu. Iako kasnije nastoji veličati Staljina, opet je uhapšen i osuđen na prisilni rad te uskoro i umire.
In [[1922]] Mandelstam arrived in [[Moscow]] with his newlywed wife [[Nadezhda Mandelstam|Nadezhda]]. At the same time his second book of poems, ''Tristia'', was published in [[Berlin]]. For several years after that, he almost completely abandoned poetry, concentrating on essays, literary criticism, memoirs (''The Din Of Time'', Russian: Шум времени, ''Shum vremeni''; Феодосия, ''Feodosiya'' - both [[1925]]) and small-format prose (''The Egyptian Stamp'', Russian: Египетская марка, ''Yegipetskaya marka'' - [[1928]]). As a day job, he translated (19 books in 6 years), then worked as a correspondent for a newspaper.
Mandelstam's non-conformist, anti-establishment tendencies always simmered not far from the surface, and in the autumn of [[1933]] they broke through in form of the famous "[[Stalin Epigram]]".
== Djela ==
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* ''Kamen'', [[1913]]
| style="text-align: left;" |
<center>'''The Lutheran'''</center>
<p>
On Sunday, walking past a Protestant cathedral,
I came upon a funeral in motion.
In passing, absent-mindedly I noticed
that congregation's rigorous commotion.
<p>
Their foreign language was too far to hear
And only polished bridles brightly shone,
The emptiness of festive thoroughfare
Reflected lazy horseshoes' ringless tone.
<p>
And in elastic darkness of the chariot
Where hypocritic sadness hid her face,
Wordless and tearless, indifferent to greetings,
Some potted autumn roses interlaced.
<p>
The foreign men walked on, a black procession,
And tearful women followed in their stead,
Their rosy cheeks half-hidden under veils',
The hearseman reined above them: on! ahead!
<p>
Dead Lutheran, whoever in life you were,
They lightly buried you and lightly sang.
Their eyes were fogged with decent tears
And with reserve above you church-bells rang.
<p>
And then I thought: it's useless to orate.
We are no prophets, nor ordained, nor lay.
No love for Heaven, and for Hell no fear,
we burn like candles in the white of day.
<p>
(Translated by Roman Turovsky)|-
| style="text-align: right;" | <small>Russian: [http://www.polyhymnion.org/lit/mandelshtam/index.html]</small>
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[[Image:1934.jpg|thumb|150px|NKVD photo after the first arrest]]
[[Image:NKVD Mandelstam.jpg|thumb|200px|NKVD photo after the second arrest]]
The poem, sharply criticising the "Kremlin highlander", was described elsewhere as a "sixteen line death sentence", likely prompted by Mandelstam's seeing (in the summer of that year, while vacationing in [[Crimea]]) the effects of the [[Holodomor|Great Famine]], a result of [[Stalin]]'s [[collectivisation in the USSR]] and his drive to exterminate the "[[kulak]]s". Six months later Mandelstam was arrested.
However, after the customary ''pro forma'' inquest he not only was spared his life, but the sentence did not even include [[Gulag|labor camps]] - a miraculous event, usually explained by historians as owing to Stalin's personal interest in his fate. Mandelstam was "only" exiled to [[Cherdyn]] in Northern [[Ural (region)|Ural]] with his wife. After his attempt to commit [[suicide]] the regime was softened, and he was banished from the largest cities but otherwise allowed to choose his new place of residence. He and his wife chose [[Voronezh]].
This proved a temporary reprieve. In the coming years, Mandelstam would (as was expected of him) write several poems which seemed to glorify Stalin (including ''Ode To Stalin''), but in [[1937]], at the outset of the [[Great Purge]], the literary establishment began the systematic assault on him in print, first locally and soon after that from Moscow, accusing him of harboring [[anti-Soviet]] views. Early next year Mandelstam and his wife received a government voucher for a vacation not far from Moscow; upon arrival he was promptly arrested again.
Four months later Mandelstam was sentenced to hard labor. He arrived at transit camp near [[Vladivostok]] and managed to pass on a note to his wife back home with a request for warm clothes; he never received them. The official cause of his death is an unspecified illness.
Mandelstam's own prophecy was fulfilled:
:"''Only in Russia poetry is respected – it gets people killed. Is there anywhere else where poetry is so common a motive for murder?''"
[[Nadezhda Mandelstam]] presented her account of the events surrounding her husband's life in ''Hope against Hope'' (ISBN 1-86046-635-4) and later continued with ''Hope Abandoned'' (ISBN 0-689-10549-5).
== Selected works ==
* ''Kamen – Stone'', [[1913]]
* ''Tristia'', [[1922]]
* ''ShumŠum vremeni'' – ''TheBuka Din Of Timevremena'', [[1925]] – The Prose of Osip Mandelstam
* ''StikhotvoreniyaStihotvorenia'' [[1921]] – [[1925]] – ''Poems'', publ. 1928
* ''StikhotvoreniyaStihotvorenia'', [[1928]]
* ''O poesii – On Poetry'', [[1928]]
* ''EgipetskayaEgipetskaja marka'' [[1928]] – ''The Egyptian Stamp''
* ''ChetvertayaČetvertaja proza'', [[1930]] – ''The Fourth Prose''
* ''MoskovskiyeMoskovskije tetradi'', [[1930]] – [[1934]] – ''Moskow Notebooks''
* ''PuteshestviyePutešestvije v ArmeniyuArmeniju'', [[1933]] – ''Journey to Armenia''
* ''Razgovor o Dante'', [[1933]] – ''Conversation about Dante''
* ''Voronežskije tetradi
* ''Vorovezhskiye tetradi – Voronezh Notebooks'', publ. [[1980]] (ed. by V. Shveitser)
==Bibliography==
{{Wikisource|Author:Osip Mandelstam}}
{{Wikiquote}}
{{commons}}
* Osip Mandelstam: "Poems", chosen and translated by James Greene. Elek Books, 1977; revised and enlarged edition, Granada/Elek, 1980.
* Osip Mandelstam: "Selected Poems", translated by David McDuff. Farrar, Strauss and Giroux (New York) and, with minor corrections, Rivers Press (Cambridge), 1973.
* Osip Mandelstam: "50 Poems", translated by Bernard Meares with an Introductory Essay by Joseph Brodsky. Persea Books (New York), 1977.
* Osip Mandelstam: "The Complete Poetry of Osip Emilevich Mandelstam", translated by Burton Raffel and Alla Burago. State University of New York Press (USA), 1973.
* Osip Mandelstam: "Stone", translated by Robert Tracy. Princeton University Press (USA), 1981.
* Osip Mandelstam: "Octets" 66-76, translated by Donald Davie, "Agenda", vol. 14, no. 2, 1976.
* Osip Mandelstam: "The Goldfinch". Introduction and translations by Donald Rayfield. The Menard Press, 1973.
* Osip Mandelstam: The Noise of Time: Selected Prose (European Classics) (Paperback), translated byClarence Brown Northwestern University Press; Reprint edition, 2002. ISBN 0-8101-1928-5
==Bibliografija==
* John RILEY: "The Collected Works". Grossteste (Derbyshire), 1980.
* Donald DAVIE: "In the Stopping Train". Carcanet (Manchester), 1977.
* Dutli R. Meine Zeit, mein Tier. Ossip Mandelstam. Eine Biographie. Zürich, 2003.
* Nilsson N. A. Osip Mandel’štam: Five Poems. Stockholm, 1974.
* Ronen O. An Аpproach to Mandelstam. Jerusalem, 1983.
* Coetzee, J.M. "Osip Mandelstam and the Stalin Ode", ''Representations'', No. 35, ''Special Issue: Monumental Histories''. (Summer, 1991), pp. 72–83.
==ExternalVanjske linkspoeznice==
*[http://wwwlearningrussian.polyhymnion.orgcom/litlibrary/mandelshtam/index.html Polyhymnion-Russian Library: Mandelshtam Mandelstam(dvojezično inizdanje) English]
*[http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/mandelst.htm Books and Writers: Osip (Emilevich) Mandelstam]
*[http://www.todayinliterature.com/biography/osip.mandelstam.asp Osip Mandelstam - Life Stories, Books, and Links]
*[http://www.jewishgen.org/LITVAK/HTML/OnlineJournals/Mandelshtam.htm Osip Emilyevich Mandelshtam, essay by Vitaly Charny]
*[http://www.newyorker.com/online/content/articles/020603on_onlineonly01 The Danger Zone essay by Edna O'Brien]
*[http://www.tonykline.co.uk/PITBR/Russian/Mandelstam.htm 24 Poems by Mandelstam, translated by A. S. Kline]
*[http://www.tonykline.co.uk/PITBR/Russian/MoreMandelstam.htm 44 More Poems by Mandelstam, translated by A. S. Kline]
*[http://lib.ru/POEZIQ/MANDELSHTAM/tristia_engl.txt Osip Mandelstam. Tristia (tranlsation by Ilya Shambat)]
*[http://learningrussian.com/library/mandelshtam/ Russian Library: Mandelshtam (bilingual edition) ]
*[http://max.mmlc.northwestern.edu/~mdenner/Demo/poetpage/mandelshtam.html Poet Page: Osip Emelievich Mandelshtam]
*[http://www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/16806 The Stalin Epigram by Osip Mandelstam translated by W. S. Merwin]
*[http://www.cipherjournal.com/html/mandelstam.html Osip Mandelstam Stalin Epigram translated by Darran Anderson]
*[http://www.50connect.co.uk/turner/criticism/criticism04.html Mandelstam in English by Martin Turner]
*[http://www.nextbook.org/cultural/feature.html?id=38 Poetic Injustice. On Osip Mandelstam by Adam Kirsch]
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