Ateizam: razlika između inačica

UIako [[Zapadnaje kultura|zapadnojateizam kulturi]],najčešće zapovezan nekes seireligijom, ateisteon čestone pretpostavljaisključuje da su nereligiozni<ref name=cline-buddhism>{{citiranje www |prezime=Cline |ime=Austin |naslov=Buddhism and Atheism |url=http://atheismduhovnost.about.com/b/2005/11/28/buddhism-and-atheism.htm |godina=2005. |izdavač=about.com | preuzeto=09. travnja 2011.}}</ref>, iako su drugi ateisti duhovni<ref name="Ecklund">{{citiranje www|autor=Heather Wax|url=http://www.templeton.org/templeton_report/20110601/index.html|naslov=Can Atheists be Spiritual? Scientists Say ‘Yes’|izdavač=[[John Templeton Foundation]]|citat=Now Ecklund returns with more analysis from her study—and this time, she finds that a significant number of scientists who don’t believe in God at all nevertheless affirm a personal spiritual sense. According to a new paper co-authored with fellow sociologist Elizabeth Long and published in the journal Sociology of Religion, of the 60 percent of scientists who describe themselves as either atheist or agnostic, a startling 22 percent of the atheist scientists say they have a spirituality. What’s more, these atheist scientists see their spirituality as more congruent with science than with religion.|dan=19. rujna 2009.}}</ref><ref name="Rees">{{citiranje www|autor=Heather Wax|url=http://www.templeton.org/templeton_report/20110601/index.html|naslov=Can Atheists be Spiritual? Scientists Say ‘Yes’|izdavač=[[John Templeton Foundation]]|citat=While Rees says he has no religious beliefs, the John Templeton Foundation feels the “big questions” raised by his work on the emergence of the cosmos, the size of physical reality, and the idea of the multiverse are, according to a statement released by the Foundation, “reshaping the philosophical and theological considerations that strike at the core of life.” Yet many can’t help wondering: Can you be an atheist and still affirm life’s spiritual dimension? According to research by Rice University sociologist Elaine Howard Ecklund, the answer is yes.|dan=19. rujna 2009.}}</ref>. Nadalje, ateizam se pojavljuje u određenim religijama i duhovnim vjerovanjima poput [[Džainizam|džainizma]], [[Budizam|budizma]], [[Hinduizam|hinduizma]] te u neopoganskim pokretima<ref name="Neopaganism">{{cite book|author=Carol S. Matthews|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=RfGhUW8RdUIC&pg=PA194&dq=neopaganism+atheism&hl=en&ei=8lvZTdHwIYfV0QHK3on8Aw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwADgU#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=A New Vision A New Heart A Renewed Call - Volume Two|publisher=William Carey Library|quote=Although Neo-Pagans share common commitments to nature and spirit there is a diversity of beliefs and practices. Some are atheists, others are polytheists (several gods exists), some are pantheists (all is God) and others are panentheists (all is in God).|date=19 October 2009}}</ref> poput [[Wicca|Wicce]].<ref name="Wicca">{{cite book|author=Carol S. Matthews|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=stQQJlV9FT8C&pg=PA115&dq=neopaganism+atheism&hl=en&ei=8lvZTdHwIYfV0QHK3on8Aw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAjgU#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=New Religions|publisher=Chelsea House Publishers|quote=There is no universal worldview that all Neo-Pagans/Wiccans hold. One online information source indicates that depending on how the term ''God'' is defined, Neo-Pagans might be classified as monotheists, duotheists (two gods), ploytheists, pantheists, or atheists.|date=19. rujna 2009.}}</ref>. Džainizam, te neki oblici budizma ne zalažu su za vjerovanje u bogove,<ref>{{cite book |last=Kedar |first=Nath Tiwari |year=1997. |title=Comparative Religion |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] |isbn=81-208-0293-4 |page=str. 50.}}</ref>, dok hinduizam drži ateizam valjanim stavom, ali i duhovno teškim za slijediti.<ref>{{Cite book | last = Chakravarti| first = Sitansu| title = Hinduism, a way of life| publisher = Motilal Banarsidass Publ.| year = 1991.| page =str. 71.| url = http://books.google.com/?id=J_-rASTgw8wC&pg=PA71| isbn = 978-81-208-0899-7| accessdate=09. travnja 2011.}}</ref>

Budući da koncepti ateizma variraju, određivanjenije brojamoguće ateistaodrediti utočan svijetubroj nijeateista jednostavanu zadataksvijetu.<ref name="Martin2007">{{cite book|last=Zuckerman|first=Phil|editor=Martin, Michael T|title=The Cambridge companion to atheism|year=2007.|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, England|isbn=0-521-84270-0|page=str. 56.|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=tAeFipOVx4MC&pg=PA56|accessdate=09. travnja 2011.}}</ref> Prema jednoj procjeni, okoPew 2Research Centera,3 2015. godine 16% svjetskesvjetskog populacijestanovništva supripadalo je skupini nereligioznih osoba, u koju spadaju ateisti, dokali jei daljihagnostici 11i drugi.<ref>{{Citiranje www |naslov=Why people with no religion are projected to decline as a share of the world’s population |url=http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/07/why-people-with-no-religion-are-projected-to-decline-as-a-share-of-the-worlds-population/ |autor=Michael Lipka,9% nereligioznoDavid McClendon |autorpoveznica= |prezime= |ime= |suautori= |urednik= |izdavač= |format= |jezik=engleski |web_stranica=Pew Research Center |stranice= |nadnevak=7. travnja 2017. |preuzeto=12. kolovoza 2018. |arhivurl= |arhivnadnevak= |citat= }}</ref> namePrema jednoj procjeni, 200-240 milijuna stanovnika svijeta izražavaju se kao ateisti.<ref>{{Citiranje www |naslov="BritannicaMajor demographics"Religions of the World Ranked by Number of Adherents|url=http://www.adherents.com/Religions_By_Adherents.html#Nonreligious |autor= |autorpoveznica= |prezime= |ime= |suautori= |urednik= |izdavač= |format= |jezik= |web_stranica=Adherents.com |stranice= |nadnevak= |preuzeto=12. kolovoza 2018. |arhivurl= |arhivnadnevak= |citat= }}</ref> Prema drugoj procjeni, postotak samoproglašenih ateista najveći je u zapadnim zemljama unutar kojih opet postoje varijacije u postocima: [[Sjedinjene Američke Države|Sjedinjene Države]] (4%), [[Italija]] (7%), [[Španjolska]] (11%), [[Velika Britanija]] (17%), [[Njemačka]] (20%) i [[Francuska]] (32%).<ref name="Harris"/> WIN-Gallup International navodi da, prema njihovom istraživanju, 13% svjetskog stanovništva su ateisti.<ref>{{Citiranje www |naslov=Global Index of Religion and Atheism |url=http://redcresearch.ie/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/RED-C-press-release-Religion-and-Atheism-25-7-12.pdf |autor= |autorpoveznica= |prezime= |ime= |suautori= |urednik= |izdavač= |format= |jezik=engleski |web_stranica=redc |stranice= |nadnevak= |preuzeto=12. kolovoza 2018. |arhivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016062403/http://redcresearch.ie/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/RED-C-press-release-Religion-and-Atheism-25-7-12.pdf |arhivnadnevak=16. listopada 2012. |citat= }}</ref>

Izraz ''ateist'' (od [[Francuski jezik|francuskog]] ''athée'') u smislu onoga "tko negira ili ne vjeruje u postojanje Boga", prethodi ''ateizmu'' u engleskom, po prvi se put javljajući 1566. te ponovno 1571.<ref name=Golding> {{cite book |last=Golding |first=Arthur |authorlink=Arthur Golding |title=The Psalmes of David and others, with [[John Calvin|J. Calvin]]'s commentaries |year=1571. |pages=Ep. Ded. 3 |quote=The Atheistes which say..there is no God.}}</ref>. Ateist kao oznaka praktičnog bezboštva spominje se [[1577.]] Izraz ateizam izveden je iz francuskog ''athéisme'', te se u engleskome pojavljuje oko [[1587.]] Raniji rad iz oko [[1534.]] služio se izrazom ''atheonism''. Uskoro su se počele pojavljivati i druge povezane riječi: deist [[1621.]],<ref name=en30> Burton, Robert (1621.), "[http://books.google.hr/books?id=cPgveWnCdRcC&printsec=frontcover&dq=anatomy+of+melancholy&hl=en&ei=p610TbKxEYi-sQOk5dDwDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=deists&f=false deist]", ''[[Anatomija melankolije]]'': Dio III, Sekcija IV. II.</ref> teist 1662.,<ref>

{{cite book |last=Martin |first=Edward |authorlink= |title=His opinion concerning the difference between the Church of England and Geneva [etc.] |publisher=London |year=1662 |chapter=Five Letters |page=str. 45. |quote=To have said my office..twice a day..among Rebels, Theists, Atheists, Philologers, Wits, Masters of Reason, Puritanes [etc.].}}</ref> i teizam 1678.<ref name=en33>Cudworth, Ralph. "''The true intellectual system of the universe''". (1678.) Poglavlje V, Dio II, str. 73</ref> U to vrijeme "deist" i "deizam" već su imali svoje moderno značenje. Izraz [[teizam]] našao se suprotstavljen deizmu.

Neke od dvosmislenosti i kontroverzi oko definiranja ateizma proizlaze iz poteškoća u postizanju konsenzusa oko definiranja riječi poput [[božanstvo]] ili [[Bog]]. Brojnost različitih koncepcija Boga i božanstava dovodi do različitih ideja glede primjenjivosti ateizma. [[Antički Rim|Antički Rimljani]] su [[kršćani|kršćane]] nazivali ateistima zbog nevjerovanja u [[poganstvo|poganska božanstva]]. Ovo se gledište postupno odbacilo s pojavom shvaćanja da je [[teizam]] nešto što obuhvaća vjerovanje u bilo koje božanstvo<ref name=mmartin>{{Cite book |last=Martin |first=Michael |authorlink=Michael Martin (philosopher) |title=Atheism: A Philosophical Justification |url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=MNZqCoor4eoC&lpg=PP1&dq=Atheism%3A%20A%20Philosophical%20Justification&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true |location=Philadelphia |publisher=Temple University Press |year=1990. |isbn=978-0-87722-642-0 |ol=8110936M | accessdate=09. travnja 2011.| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20110519174319/http://books.google.ca/books?id=MNZqCoor4eoC&lpg=PP1&dq=Atheism%3A%20A%20Philosophical%20Justification&pg=PP1| archivedate=19. svibnja 2011. <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no |ref=harv}}</ref>.