Poslijeporođajna tuga: razlika između inačica

Većina proučavanih čimbenika rizika nije jasno i dokazala povezanost s poslijeporođajnom tugom. To uključuje sociodemografske faktore, kao što su dob i bračni status, opstetričke faktore, kao što su komplikacije u porodu ili niska porođajna težina djeteta.<ref name=":14">{{Citiranje časopisa|vauthors=O'Hara MW, Schlechte JA, Lewis DA, Wright EJ|date=September 1991|title=Prospective study of postpartum blues. Biologic and psychosocial factors|journal=Archives of General Psychiatry|volume=48|issue=9|pages=801–6|doi=10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810330025004|pmid=1929770}}</ref> <ref name=":5">{{Citiranje časopisa|vauthors=Henshaw C|date=August 2003|title=Mood disturbance in the early puerperium: a review|journal=Archives of Women's Mental Health|volume=6 Suppl 2|pages=S33-42|doi=10.1007/s00737-003-0004-x|pmid=14615921}}</ref> <ref name=":04">{{Citiranje časopisa|vauthors=Seyfried LS, Marcus SM|date=August 2003|title=Postpartum mood disorders|journal=International Review of Psychiatry|volume=15|issue=3|pages=231–42|doi=10.1080/0954026031000136857|pmid=15276962}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFSeyfriedMarcus2003">Seyfried LS, Marcus SM (August 2003). "Postpartum mood disorders". ''International Review of Psychiatry''. '''15''' (3): 231–42. [[Digitalni identifikator objekta|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/0954026031000136857|10.1080/0954026031000136857]]. [[PubMed|PMID]]&nbsp;[//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15276962 15276962]. [[S2CID (identifikator)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:25021211 25021211].</cite></ref>

Ispravna dijagnostička klasifikacija poslijeporođajne tuge nije jasno utvrđena. Poslijeporođajna tuga se dugo smatrala najblažim stanjem u spektru poslijeporođajnih psihijatrijskih poremećaja, što uključuje poslijeporođajnu depresiju i [[poslijeporođajnu psihozu]]. Međutim, postoji određena rasprava u literaturi o mogućnosti da poslijeporođajna tuga može biti neovisno stanje.<ref name=":04">{{Citiranje časopisa|vauthors=Seyfried LS, Marcus SM|date=August 2003|title=Postpartum mood disorders|journal=International Review of Psychiatry|volume=15|issue=3|pages=231–42|doi=10.1080/0954026031000136857|pmid=15276962}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFSeyfriedMarcus2003">Seyfried LS, Marcus SM (August 2003). "Postpartum mood disorders". ''International Review of Psychiatry''. '''15''' (3): 231–42. [[Digitalni identifikator objekta|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/0954026031000136857|10.1080/0954026031000136857]]. [[PubMed|PMID]]&nbsp;[//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15276962 15276962]. [[S2CID (identifikator)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:25021211 25021211].</cite></ref>

Ne postoje standardizirani kriteriji za dijagnozu poslijeporođajne tuge.<ref name=":04">{{Citiranje časopisa|vauthors=Seyfried LS, Marcus SM|date=August 2003|title=Postpartum mood disorders|journal=International Review of Psychiatry|volume=15|issue=3|pages=231–42|doi=10.1080/0954026031000136857|pmid=15276962}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFSeyfriedMarcus2003">Seyfried LS, Marcus SM (August 2003). "Postpartum mood disorders". ''International Review of Psychiatry''. '''15''' (3): 231–42. [[Digitalni identifikator objekta|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/0954026031000136857|10.1080/0954026031000136857]]. [[PubMed|PMID]]&nbsp;[//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15276962 15276962]. [[S2CID (identifikator)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:25021211 25021211].</cite></ref> Za razliku od poslijeporođajne depresije, poslijeporođajna tuga nije dijagnoza uključena u [[Dijagnostički i statistički priručnik za mentalne poremećaje|Dijagnostički i statistički priručnik za mentalne poremećaje.]]

S obzirom na nedosljedne dokaze o uzrocima postporođajne tuge, nejasno je bi li strategije prevencije bile učinkovite u smanjenju rizika od razvoja ovog stanja. Međutim, educiranje žena tijekom trudnoće o baby bluesu može im pomoći da se pripreme za ove simptome koji su često neočekivani i zabrinjavajući u okruženju uzbuđenja i iščekivanja djeteta.<ref name=":04">{{Citiranje časopisa|vauthors=Seyfried LS, Marcus SM|date=August 2003|title=Postpartum mood disorders|journal=International Review of Psychiatry|volume=15|issue=3|pages=231–42|doi=10.1080/0954026031000136857|pmid=15276962}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFSeyfriedMarcus2003">Seyfried LS, Marcus SM (August 2003). "Postpartum mood disorders". ''International Review of Psychiatry''. '''15''' (3): 231–42. [[Digitalni identifikator objekta|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/0954026031000136857|10.1080/0954026031000136857]]. [[PubMed|PMID]]&nbsp;[//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15276962 15276962]. [[S2CID (identifikator)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:25021211 25021211].</cite></ref> Majke koje razviju baby blues često razvijaju i značajan osjećaj srama ili krivnje zbog tjeskobe ili depresije tijekom razdoblja u kojem se očekuje da majka bude sretna.<ref name=":3">{{Citiranje weba|date=2018-04-09|title=Postpartum depression|url=https://www.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/postpartum-depression|access-date=2019-10-17|website=Office on Women's Health|publisher=U.S. Department of Health and Human Services|language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/postpartum-depression "Postpartum depression"]. ''Office on Women's Health''. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2018-04-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> Važno je uvjeriti roditelje da su simptomi lošeg raspoloženja nakon poroda česti i prolazni. Porodničari mogu preporučiti da se pacijentice i njihove obitelji pripreme unaprijed kako bi osigurale da će majka imati odgovarajuću podršku i odmor nakon poroda. Osim toga, trebali bi pružiti edukaciju i potrebne resurse obitelji i prijateljima o znakovima upozorenja težih perinatalnih psihijatrijskih stanja koja se mogu razviti, poput poslijeporođajne depresije i poslijeporođajne psihoze.<ref name=":4">{{Citiranje weba|title=Postpartum Depression Facts|url=https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/postpartum-depression-facts/index.shtml|access-date=2019-10-17|website=The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)|publisher=U.S. Department of Health and Human Services}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/postpartum-depression-facts/index.shtml "Postpartum Depression Facts"]. ''The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)''. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-17</span></span>.</cite></ref>

Poslijeporođajna tuga je vrlo često stanje koje pogađa oko 50-80 % rodilja prema većini izvora.<ref name=":42">{{Citiranje časopisa|vauthors=Bobo WV, Yawn BP|date=June 2014|title=Concise review for physicians and other clinicians: postpartum depression|journal=Mayo Clinic Proceedings|volume=89|issue=6|pages=835–44|doi=10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.01.027|pmc=4113321|pmid=24943697}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFBoboYawn2014">Bobo WV, Yawn BP (June 2014). [//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4113321 "Concise review for physicians and other clinicians: postpartum depression"]. ''Mayo Clinic Proceedings''. '''89''' (6): 835–44. [[Digitalni identifikator objekta|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.01.027|10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.01.027]]. [[PubMed Central|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4113321 4113321]</span>. [[PubMed|PMID]]&nbsp;[//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24943697 24943697].</cite></ref> Međutim, procjene pojavnosti prilično variraju u literaturi, od 26 do 85 %, ovisno o korištenim kriterijima.<ref name=":52">{{Citiranje časopisa|vauthors=Howard MM, Mehta ND, Powrie R|date=May 2017|title=Peripartum depression: Early recognition improves outcomes|journal=Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine|volume=84|issue=5|pages=388–396|doi=10.3949/ccjm.84a.14060|pmid=28530897|doi-access=free}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFHowardMehtaPowrie2017">Howard MM, Mehta ND, Powrie R (May 2017). [[doi:10.3949/ccjm.84a.14060|"Peripartum depression: Early recognition improves outcomes"]]. ''Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine''. '''84''' (5): 388–396. [[Digitalni identifikator objekta|doi]]:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.3949/ccjm.84a.14060|10.3949/ccjm.84a.14060]]</span>. [[PubMed|PMID]]&nbsp;[//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28530897 28530897].</cite></ref><ref name=":1">{{Citiranje časopisa|vauthors=O'Hara MW, Wisner KL|date=January 2014|title=Perinatal mental illness: definition, description and aetiology|journal=Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology|volume=28|issue=1|pages=3–12|doi=10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2013.09.002|pmc=7077785|pmid=24140480}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFO'HaraWisner2014">O'Hara MW, Wisner KL (January 2014). [//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7077785 "Perinatal mental illness: definition, description and aetiology"]. ''Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology''. '''28''' (1): 3–12. [[Digitalni identifikator objekta|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2013.09.002|10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2013.09.002]]. [[PubMed Central|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7077785 7077785]</span>. [[PubMed|PMID]]&nbsp;[//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24140480 24140480].</cite></ref><ref name=":04">{{Citiranje časopisa|vauthors=Seyfried LS, Marcus SM|date=August 2003|title=Postpartum mood disorders|journal=International Review of Psychiatry|volume=15|issue=3|pages=231–42|doi=10.1080/0954026031000136857|pmid=15276962}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFSeyfriedMarcus2003">Seyfried LS, Marcus SM (August 2003). "Postpartum mood disorders". ''International Review of Psychiatry''. '''15''' (3): 231–42. [[Digitalni identifikator objekta|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/0954026031000136857|10.1080/0954026031000136857]]. [[PubMed|PMID]]&nbsp;[//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15276962 15276962]. [[S2CID (identifikator)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:25021211 25021211].</cite></ref><ref name=":6">{{Citiranje weba|title=Postpartum Psychiatric Disorders|url=https://womensmentalhealth.org/specialty-clinics/postpartum-psychiatric-disorders/|access-date=2019-10-16|website=MGH Center for Women's Mental Health|language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://womensmentalhealth.org/specialty-clinics/postpartum-psychiatric-disorders/ "Postpartum Psychiatric Disorders"]. ''MGH Center for Women's Mental Health''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-16</span></span>.</cite></ref> Teško je dobiti precizne postotke s obzirom na nedostatak standardiziranih dijagnostičkih kriterija, nedosljednost prijava i metodološka ograničenja retrospektivnog izvješćivanja o simptomima.