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Redak 37: == Povijest == {{prijevod-eng}}▼ <!--▼ The first European to see the island group was [[Ferdinand Magellan]] who on [[6 March]] [[1521]] observed the two southernmost islands and sailed between them<ref>{{cite book \|last=Peschel\|first= O.\|title=Geschichte des Zei killers der Entdeckungen\|year=1877\|location=Stuttgart}}</ref> during a Spanish expedition of world circumnavigation. Upon first landing at [[Umatac, Guam]], Magellan's ships received fresh supplies from the native Taotaomonas, ancestors of Chamorros. The common account is that the locals, assuming that they were engaged in a trade, then took one of the Spanish landing boats. The Spanish crew, assuming that the natives were giving them the supplies, considered this theft and in retaliation attacked the Chamorros and dubbed the islands '''Islas de los Ladrones''' (Islands of the Thieves). The islands are still occasionally called the Ladrones. Magellan himself styled them '''Islas de las Velas Latinas''' (Islands of the [[Lateen sail\|Lateen Sail]]s ). [[Saint Lazarus\|San Lazarus]] archipelago, Jardines and Prazeres are among the names applied to them by later navigators. === Ime i prvi susreti s kolonizatorima === In 1667 [[Spain]] formally claimed them, established a regular colony there, and gave the islands the official title of '''Las Marianas''' in honor of Spanish [[monarch\|Queen]] [[Mariana of Austria]], widow of [[Philip IV of Spain]]. They then had a population of 40-60,000 inhabitants, but the Chamorros were almost exterminated by the diseases brought by the Spanish. Prvi Europljanin koji je primijetio ovu otočnu skupinu je bio Portugalac [[Ferdinand Magellan]] [[6. ožujka]] [[1521.]], koji je promatrao dva najjužnija otoka i proplovio između njih <ref> O. Peschel. ''Geschichte des Zei killers der Entdeckungen'', Stuttgart, 1877.</ref> sa svojom španjolskom [[ekspedicija\|ekspedicijom]] na putu oko svijeta.<br> Na prvom pristajanju na [[Umatac, Guam\|Umatacu]] na Guamu, Magellanovi brodovi su se opskrbili potrepštinama od domorodaca [[Taotaomonas]]a (predaka plemena [[Chamorros]]a). Općenito se smatra da su domorodci pretpostavljali da se radi o trgovini i da su kao razmjensku robu uzeli jedan od brodića kojim su se Španjolci iskrcali na otok. Nastao je nesporazum. Španjolska posada je mislila da su domorodci njima potrepštine davali besplatno te su ovo uzimanje broda smatrali krađom. Zbog ovog nesporazuma, španjolska je ekspedicija napala domorodce, a otoke obilježila imenom ''Islas de los Ladrones'' ("Lopovski otoci"), imenom kojim se pokatkad ove otoke i danas naziva tako, ''Ladrones''. <br> Sâm Magellan ih je nazvao '''Islas de las Velas Latinas''' ("Otoci [[latinsko jedro\|latinskog jedra]]") . <br> Od drugih imena koje su pomorci dali ovim otocima su i imena ''otočje [[sv. Lazar]]a, Jardines'' i 'Prazeres''. [[Španjolska]] je [[1667.]] formalno položila pravo na njih, uspostavila je ondje redovnu koloniju i dala im je službeno ime '''Las Marianas''' u čast španjolske kraljice [[Marija Austrijska\|Marije Austrijske]] (špa. ''Mariana''), udovice [[Filip IV., španjolski kralj\|Filipa IV.]]. <br> U trenuku uspostave kolonije, otoci su imali od 40 do 60 tisuća stanovnika, no domorodci Chamorrosi su skoro svi izumrli od [[zarazne bolesti\|zaraznih bolestiju]] koje su donijeli Španjolci. ▲{{prijevod-eng}} ▲<!-- The native population known to the early Spanish colonists as [[Hachamori]] has died out as a distinct people, though their descendants intermarried. At the Spanish occupation in 1668, the Chamorros were estimated at 40,000 to 60,000, but less than a century later only 1800 remained. They were characteristic Micronesians, with a considerable civilization. In the island of [[Tinian]] are some remarkable remains attributed to them, consisting of two rows of massive square stone columns, about 5 feet 4 inch broad and 14 feet high, with heavy-round [[capital (architecture)\|capital]]s called latte stones. According to early Spanish accounts [[cinerary urn]]s were found embedded in the capitals. Line 57 ⟶ 64: Once captured, the islands of [[Saipan]] and [[Tinian]] were used extensively by the United States military as they finally put mainland [[Japan]] within round-trip range of American bombers. In fact, both the ''[[Enola Gay]]'' and the ''[[Bockscar]]'' (which dropped atomic bombs on [[Hiroshima]] and [[Nagasaki]], respectively) flew their missions from Tinian’s “North Field”. --> == Vidi još == *[[:en:Commonwealth (United States insular area)]]

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