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Kodon: razlika između inačica

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Redak 8:
* [[završni kodon]] ([[STOP-kodon]]), koji označava kraj stvaranja polipeptidnoga lanca, ali ne kodira ni jednu aminokiselinu jer mu ne postoji ni jedan komplementarni [[antikodon]]. Postoje 3 poznata STOP-kodona: UAG, UAA i UGA (za RNK), te TAG, TAA i TAG (za DNK).
 
== Tablica kodona translacije==
{| class="wikitable" style="border:none; background:none; text-align:center;"
{{Radovi24}}
| Biokemijska svojstva aminokiselina
| style="background-color:#ffe75f; width: 50px;" | Nepolarna [[File:Up-arrow-14.png|alt=Up-arrow|link=]]
| style="background-color:#b3dec0; width: 50px;" | Polarna [[File:Dagger-14-plain.png|alt=dagger|link=]]
| style="background-color:#bbbfe0; width: 50px;" | Bazična [[File:Double-dagger-14-plain.png|alt=double-dagger|link=]]
| style="background-color:#f8b7d3; width: 50px;" | Kisela ↓
| style="border:none; background:none; width: 100px;" |
| style="background-color:#B0B0B0;" | Kraj: stop kodon
|}
 
===Standardna tablica RNA kodona ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Standardni genetski kod<ref name="RNA kodon table">{{cite web|url=http://sites.science.oregonstate.edu/genbio/otherresources/aminoacidtranslation.htm|title=Amino Acid Translation Table|publisher=Oregon State University|access-date=2 December 2020|archive-date=29 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529000711/http://sites.science.oregonstate.edu/genbio/otherresources/aminoacidtranslation.htm|url-status=live}}</ref></ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/the-information-in-dna-determines-cellular-function-6523228/|title=The Information in DNA Determines Cellular Function via Translation|website=Scitable|publisher=Nature|access-date=5 December 2020|archive-date=23 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923100645/http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/the-information-in-dna-determines-cellular-function-6523228|url-status=live}}</ref>
! rowspan=2 | Prvi nukleotid
! colspan=8 | Drugi nukleotid
! rowspan=2 | Treći nukleotid
|-
! colspan=2 style="width:150px;" | U
! colspan=2 style="width:150px;" | C
! colspan=2 style="width:150px;" | A
! colspan=2 style="width:150px;" | G
 
|-
! rowspan=4 | U
| UUU
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#ffe75f" | (Phe/F) [[Fenilalanin]] [[File:Up-arrow-14.png|alt=Up-arrow|link=]]
| UCU
|rowspan=4 style="background-color:#b3dec0" | (Ser/S) [[Serin]] [[File:Dagger-14-plain.png|alt=dagger|link=]]
| UAU
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#b3dec0" | (Tyr/Y) [[Tirozin]] [[File:Dagger-14-plain.png|alt=dagger|link=]]
| UGU
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#b3dec0" | (Cys/C) [[Cistein]] [[File:Dagger-14-plain.png|alt=dagger|link=]]
! U
|-
| UUC
| UCC
| UAC
| UGC
! C
|-
| UUA
|rowspan=6 style="background-color:#ffe75f" | (Leu/L) [[Leucin]] [[File:Up-arrow-14.png|alt=Up-arrow|link=]]
| UCA
| UAA
| style="background-color:#B0B0B0;" | [[Završni kodon|Stop]]
| UGA
| style="background-color:#B0B0B0;" | [[Završni kodon|Stop]]
! A
|-
| UUG
| UCG
| UAG
| style="background-color:#B0B0B0;" | [[Završni kodon|Stop]]
| UGG
| style="background-color:#ffe75f;" | (Trp/W) [[Triptofan]] [[File:Up-arrow-14.png|alt=Up-arrow|link=]]
! G
|-
 
! rowspan="4" | C
| CUU
| CCU
|rowspan=4 style="background-color:#ffe75f" | (Pro/P) [[Prolin]] [[File:Up-arrow-14.png|alt=Up-arrow|link=]]
| CAU
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#bbbfe0" | (His/H) [[Histidin]] [[File:Double-dagger-14-plain.png|alt=double-dagger|link=]]
|CGU
|rowspan=4 style="background-color:#bbbfe0" | (Arg/R) [[Arginin]] [[File:Double-dagger-14-plain.png|alt=double-dagger|link=]]
! U
|-
|CUC
|CCC
|CAC
|CGC
! C
|-
|CUA
|CCA
|CAA
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#b3dec0" | (Gln/Q) [[Glutamin]] [[File:Dagger-14-plain.png|alt=dagger|link=]]
|CGA
! A
|-
|CUG
|CCG
|CAG
|CGG
! G
|-
 
! rowspan="4" | A
|AUU
|rowspan=3 style="background-color:#ffe75f" | (Ile/I) [[Izoleucin]] [[File:Up-arrow-14.png|alt=Up-arrow|link=]]
|ACU
|rowspan=4 style="background-color:#b3dec0" | (Thr/T) [[Treonin]] [[File:Dagger-14-plain.png|alt=dagger|link=]]
|AAU
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#b3dec0" | (Asn/N) [[Asparagin]] [[File:Dagger-14-plain.png|alt=dagger|link=]]
|AGU
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#b3dec0" | (Ser/S) [[Serin]] [[File:Dagger-14-plain.png|alt=dagger|link=]]
! U
|-
|AUC
|ACC
|AAC
|AGC
! C
|-
|AUA
|ACA
|AAA
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#bbbfe0" | (Lys/K) [[Lizin]] [[File:Double-dagger-14-plain.png|alt=double-dagger|link=]]
|AGA
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#bbbfe0" | (Arg/R) [[Arginin]] [[File:Double-dagger-14-plain.png|alt=double-dagger|link=]]
! A
|-
|AUG
| style="background-color:#ffe75f;" | (Met/M) [[Metionin]] [[File:Up-arrow-14.png|alt=Up-arrow|link=]]
|ACG
|AAG
|AGG
! G
|-
 
! rowspan="4" | G
|GUU
|rowspan=4 style="background-color:#ffe75f" | (Val/V) [[Valin]] [[File:Up-arrow-14.png|alt=Up-arrow|link=]]
|GCU
|rowspan=4 style="background-color:#ffe75f" | (Ala/A) [[Alanin]] [[File:Up-arrow-14.png|alt=Up-arrow|link=]]
|GAU
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#f8b7d3" | (Asp/D) [[Asparaginska kiselina]] ↓
|GGU
|rowspan=4 style="background-color:#ffe75f" | (Gly/G) [[Glicin]] [[File:Up-arrow-14.png|alt=Up-arrow|link=]]
! U
|-
|GUC
|GCC
|GAC
|GGC
! C
|-
|GUA
|GCA
|GAA
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#f8b7d3" | (Glu/E) [[Glutaminska kiselina]] ↓
|GGA
! A
|-
|GUG
|GCG
|GAG
|GGG
! G
|-
|}
 
===Inverzna tablica RNA kodona ===
{| class="wikitable" style="vertical-align:top;"
|+ Inverzna tablica za standardni genetski kod<ref name="iupac">{{cite web|url=http://publications.iupac.org/pac/1974/pdf/4003x0277.pdf|title=Abbreviations and Symbols for Nucleic Acids, Polynucleotides and Their Constituents|author=IUPAC—IUB Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature|publisher=International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry|access-date=5 December 2020}}</ref>
|-
! Aminokiselina!! DNA kodoni !! Skraćeno
| rowspan=13 |
! Aminokiselina!! DNA kodoni !! Skraćeno
|-
! style="text-align:center;"| Ala, A
| GCU, GCC, GCA, GCG
| GCN
! style="text-align:center;"| Ile, I
| AUU, AUC, AUA
| AUH
|-
! style="text-align:center;"| Arg, R
| CGU, CGC, CGA, CGG; AGA, AGG
| CGN, AGR; or<br/> CGY, MGR
! style="text-align:center;"| Leu, L
| CUU, CUC, CUA, CUG; UUA, UUG
| CUN, UUR; ili <br/>CUY, YUR
|-
! style="text-align:center;"| Asn, N
| AAU, AAC
| AAY
! style="text-align:center;"| Lys, K
| AAA, AAG
| AAR
|-
! style="text-align:center;"| Asp, D
| GAU, GAC
| GAY
! style="text-align:center;| Met, M
|colspan=2| AUG
|-
! style="text-align:center;"| Asn ili Asp, B
| AAU, AAC; GAU, GAC
| RAY
! style="text-align:center;"| Phe, F
| UUU, UUC
| UUY
|-
! style="text-align:center;"| Cys, C
| UGU, UGC
| UGY
! style="text-align:center;"| Pro, P
| CCU, CCC, CCA, CCG
| CCN
|-
! style="text-align:center;"| Gln, Q
| CAA, CAG
| CAR
! style="text-align:center;"| Ser, S
| UCU, UCC, UCA, UCG; AGU, AGC
| UCN, AGY
|-
! style="text-align:center;"| Glu, E
| GAA, GAG
| GAR
! style="text-align:center;"| Thr, T
| ACU, ACC, ACA, ACG
| ACN
|-
! style="text-align:center;"| Gln ili Glu, Z
| CAA, CAG; GAA, GAG
| SAR
! style="text-align:center;"| Trp, W
|colspan=2| UGG
|-
|-
! style="text-align:center;"| Gly, G
| GGU, GGC, GGA, GGG
| GGN
! style="text-align:center;"| Tyr, Y
| UAU, UAC
| UAY
|-
! style="text-align:center;"| His, H
| CAU, CAC
| CAY
! style="text-align:center;"| Val, V
| GUU, GUC, GUA, GUG
| GUN
|-
! style="text-align:center;"| START
|colspan=2| AUG
! style="text-align:center;"| STOP
| UAA, UGA, UAG
| URA, UAR
|}
 
===Standardna tablica DNA kodona ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Standardni genetski kod<ref group="note">Glavna razlika između DNA i RNA je da je DNA baza [[timin]] (T) unutar RNA zamjenjena [[uracil]]om (U). To je jedina razlika u tablicama DNA i RNA kodona</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/MPH-Modules/PH/DNA-Genetics/DNA-Genetics3.html|title=Genes|website=DNA, Genetics, and Evolution|publisher=Boston University|access-date=10 December 2020|archive-date=28 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428050259/http://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/MPH-Modules/PH/DNA-Genetics/DNA-Genetics3.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
! rowspan=2 | Prvi nukleotid
! colspan=8 | Drugi nukleotid
! rowspan=2 | Treći nukleotid
|-
! colspan=2 style="width:150px;" | T
! colspan=2 style="width:150px;" | C
! colspan=2 style="width:150px;" | A
! colspan=2 style="width:150px;" | G
|-
! rowspan=4 | T
| TTT
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#ffe75f" | (Phe/F) [[Fenilalanin]] [[File:Up-arrow-14.png|alt=Up-arrow|link=]]
| TCT
|rowspan=4 style="background-color:#b3dec0" | (Ser/S) [[Serin]] [[File:Dagger-14-plain.png|alt=dagger|link=]]
| TAT
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#b3dec0" | (Tyr/Y) [[Tirozin]] [[File:Dagger-14-plain.png|alt=dagger|link=]]
| TGT
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#b3dec0" | (Cys/C) [[Cistein]] [[File:Dagger-14-plain.png|alt=dagger|link=]]
! T
|-
| TTC
| TCC
| TAC
| TGC
! C
|-
| TTA
|rowspan=6 style="background-color:#ffe75f" | (Leu/L) [[Leucin]] [[File:Up-arrow-14.png|alt=Up-arrow|link=]]
| TCA
| TAA
| style="background-color:#B0B0B0;" | [[Završni kodon|Stop]]
| TGA
| style="background-color:#B0B0B0;" | [[Završni kodon|Stop]]
! A
|-
| TTG
| TCG
| TAG
| style="background-color:#B0B0B0;" | [[Završni kodon|Stop]]
| TGG
| style="background-color:#ffe75f;" | (Trp/W) [[Triptofan]] [[File:Up-arrow-14.png|alt=Up-arrow|link=]]
! G
|-
 
! rowspan="4" | C
| CTT
| CCT
|rowspan=4 style="background-color:#ffe75f" | (Pro/P) [[Prolin]] [[File:Up-arrow-14.png|alt=Up-arrow|link=]]
| CAT
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#bbbfe0" | (His/H) [[Histidin]] [[File:Double-dagger-14-plain.png|alt=double-dagger|link=]]
|CGT
|rowspan=4 style="background-color:#bbbfe0" | (Arg/R) [[Arginin]] [[File:Double-dagger-14-plain.png|alt=double-dagger|link=]]
! T
|-
|CTC
|CCC
|CAC
|CGC
! C
|-
|CTA
|CCA
|CAA
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#b3dec0" | (Gln/Q) [[Glutamin]] [[File:Dagger-14-plain.png|alt=dagger|link=]]
|CGA
! A
|-
|CTG
|CCG
|CAG
|CGG
! G
|-
 
! rowspan="4" | A
|ATT
|rowspan=3 style="background-color:#ffe75f" | (Ile/I) [[Izoleucin]] [[File:Up-arrow-14.png|alt=Up-arrow|link=]]
|ACT
|rowspan=4 style="background-color:#b3dec0" | (Thr/T) [[Treonin]] [[File:Dagger-14-plain.png|alt=dagger|link=]]
|AAT
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#b3dec0" | (Asn/N) [[Asparagin]] [[File:Dagger-14-plain.png|alt=dagger|link=]]
|AGT
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#b3dec0" | (Ser/S) [[Serin]] [[File:Dagger-14-plain.png|alt=dagger|link=]]
! T
|-
|ATC
|ACC
|AAC
|AGC
! C
|-
|ATA
|ACA
|AAA
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#bbbfe0" | (Lys/K) [[Lizin]] [[File:Double-dagger-14-plain.png|alt=double-dagger|link=]]
|AGA
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#bbbfe0" | (Arg/R) [[Arginin]] [[File:Double-dagger-14-plain.png|alt=double-dagger|link=]]
! A
|-
|ATG
| style="background-color:#ffe75f;" | (Met/M) [[Metionin]] [[File:Up-arrow-14.png|alt=Up-arrow|link=]]
|ACG
|AAG
|AGG
! G
|-
 
! rowspan="4" | G
|GTT
|rowspan=4 style="background-color:#ffe75f" | (Val/V) [[Valin]] [[File:Up-arrow-14.png|alt=Up-arrow|link=]]
|GCT
|rowspan=4 style="background-color:#ffe75f" | (Ala/A) [[Alanin]] [[File:Up-arrow-14.png|alt=Up-arrow|link=]]
|GAT
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#f8b7d3" | (Asp/D) [[Asparaginska kiselina]] ↓
|GGT
|rowspan=4 style="background-color:#ffe75f" | (Gly/G) [[Glicin]] [[File:Up-arrow-14.png|alt=Up-arrow|link=]]
! T
|-
|GTC
|GCC
|GAC
|GGC
! C
|-
|GTA
|GCA
|GAA
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#f8b7d3" | (Glu/E) [[Glutaminska kiselina]] ↓
|GGA
! A
|-
|GTG
|GCG
|GAG
|GGG
! G
|-
|}
 
=== Inverzna tablica DNA kodona ===
{| class="wikitable" style="vertical-align:top;"
|+ Inverzna tablica za standardni genetski kod<ref name="iupac"/>
|-
! Aminokiselina!! DNA kodoni !! Skraćeno
| rowspan=13 |
! Aminokiselina!! DNA kodoni !! Skraćeno
|-
! style="text-align:center;"| Ala, A
| GCT, GCC, GCA, GCG
| GCN
! style="text-align:center;"| Ile, I
| ATT, ATC, ATA
| ATH
|-
! style="text-align:center;"| Arg, R
| CGT, CGC, CGA, CGG; AGA, AGG
| CGN, AGR; or<br/> CGY, MGR
! style="text-align:center;"| Leu, L
| CTT, CTC, CTA, CTG; TTA, TTG
| CTN, TTR; ili <br/>CTY, YTR
|-
! style="text-align:center;"| Asn, N
| AAT, AAC
| AAY
! style="text-align:center;"| Lys, K
| AAA, AAG
| AAR
|-
! style="text-align:center;"| Asp, D
| GAT, GAC
| GAY
! style="text-align:center;| Met, M
|colspan=2| ATG
|-
! style="text-align:center;"| Asn ili Asp, B
| AAT, AAC; GAT, GAC
| RAY
! style="text-align:center;"| Phe, F
| TTT, TTC
| TTY
|-
! style="text-align:center;"| Cys, C
| TGT, TGC
| TGY
! style="text-align:center;"| Pro, P
| CCT, CCC, CCA, CCG
| CCN
|-
! style="text-align:center;"| Gln, Q
| CAA, CAG
| CAR
! style="text-align:center;"| Ser, S
| TCT, TCC, TCA, TCG; AGT, AGC
| TCN, AGY
|-
! style="text-align:center;"| Glu, E
| GAA, GAG
| GAR
! style="text-align:center;"| Thr, T
| ACT, ACC, ACA, ACG
| ACN
|-
! style="text-align:center;"| Gln ili Glu, Z
| CAA, CAG; GAA, GAG
| SAR
! style="text-align:center;"| Trp, W
|colspan=2| TGG
|-
|-
! style="text-align:center;"| Gly, G
| GGT, GGC, GGA, GGG
| GGN
! style="text-align:center;"| Tyr, Y
| TAT, TAC
| TAY
|-
! style="text-align:center;"| His, H
| CAT, CAC
| CAY
! style="text-align:center;"| Val, V
| GTT, GTC, GTA, GTG
| GTN
|-
! style="text-align:center;"| START
|colspan=2| ATG
! style="text-align:center;"| STOP
| TAA, TGA, TAG
| TRA, TAR
|}
 
== Vidi ==
Dobavljeno iz "https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodon"